The revelations about the National Security Agency's spying programs just keep piling up.

True to his promise to continue disclosing NSA secrets, Edward Snowden has now revealed to the Guardian that the agency intercepted the communications of former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and other world leaders in 2009. Not only are the leaks embarrassing for the agency, but they also present the NSA with a Catch-22: How do you defend yourself publicly while keeping a lid on classified operations? In the latest installment of Washington's PRISM spin war, the NSA has opted for vaguely worded, highly legalistic denials and assurances -- ones that are often difficult to square with what's been reported so far about the U.S. intelligence community's surveillance programs.

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The graphic above is a screenshot of a real, live poll conducted on Al Jazeera Arabic. It asks readers to give their opinion on who is responsible for turning the Syrian revolution into a sectarian conflict. And it offers two choices: Sunnis or Shiites.

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Top news: Hassan Rowhani, a moderate cleric and the preferred candidate of reformers, captured a commanding victory in Iran's presidential election, securing just over 50 percent of the vote and avoiding a run-off.

The election result is a striking challenge to the country's highly conservative ruling clerics, and residents of Tehran flooded the streets in celebration, occassionally chanting the name of Mir Mousavi, the losing candidate in the highly contested 2009 election that sparked widespread street protests. Rowhani trounced his more conservative rivals, beating the second place finisher by a three to one margin, and all four of the ayatollah's preferred candidates finished behind the more moderate second place finisher.

Rowhani campaigned on a a platform of improving relations with the West, but it remains unclear to what extent he will be willing or able to break decisively with the policies of the past. In a news conference Monday, he pledged to "follow the path of moderation and justice, not extremism." Rowhani, who previously served as Iran's chief nuclear negotiator, has been critical of his country's approach on the issue, but that criticism has been limited to his country's diplomatic tactics.

"If one day we are able to complete the fuel cycle and the world sees that it has no choice - that we do possess the technology - then the situation will be different," he said in a speech in 2004. "The world did not want Pakistan to have an atomic bomb or Brazil to have the fuel cycle, but Pakistan built its bomb and Brazil has its fuel cycle, and the world started to work with them. Our problem is that we have not achieved either one, but we are standing at the threshold."

NSA: According to a report in the Guardian, the U.S. National Security Agency intercepted the top secret communicaitons of then-Russian President Dmitry Medvedev ahead of a G-20 summit in 2009. The revelation is the latest report based on documents leaked to the paper by Edward Snowden, a former NSA contractor.


Europe

  • Turkish police broadened their crackdown in protesters in Istanbul and continued their efforts to clear Gezi Park and Taksim square.
  • World leaders are headed to Northern Ireland for a meeting of the G-8, a two-day summit expected to focus on the conflict in Syria and economic issues.
  • Czech Prime Minister Petr Necas is set to resign on the heels of a corruption and spy scandal.

Asia

  • North Korea extended an offer to the United States to conduct direct talks but without any preconditions such as nuclear disarmament.
  • The women's university in Quetta, Pakistan, has closed following twin attacks that killed 25.
  • Vietnamese police arrested a blogger critical of the government in a widening crackdown on dissent that has seen three bloggers arrested during the past months.

Middle East

  • Egyptian President Mohammed Morsy appointed a number of his Islamist allies as regional governors, tightening the Muslim Brotherhood's grip on power.
  • A series of bombings and one shooting killed 51 and left dozens wounded across Iraq, the latest in a wave of violence that has brought death tolls to a similar level as in 2008.
  • A car bomb at a military checkpoint in an upscale neighborhood of Damascus near a military airport killed 10 soldiers.

Americas

  • The Chinese dissident Chen Guangchen said he's being forced out of his post at New York University because of pressure applied on the university by the Chinese government.
  • Ecuador's foreign minister announced that his country will continue to provide Julian Assange with asylum at its embassy in London.
  • Hundreds of protesters objecting to the use of public funds for the ongoing Confederations Cup and next year's World Cup clashed with riot police in Rio de Janeiro.

Africa

  • A meeting of regional presidents at the Southern Africa Development Community requested that Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe delay elections that he has scheduled for late July.
  • The U.N. announced that a peacekeeper was killed and two others were injured in the shelling of a logistics base in Southern Sudan.
  • Nelson Mandela's wife thanked her husband's thousands of well-wishers as he remains in intensive care.

 

 




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EXPLORE:MORNING BRIEF

Posted By Park MacDougald

Father's Day celebrations may have originated in Washington state in the early 20th century, but the United States isn't necessarily the friendliest place for the paterfamilias.

What it means for a country to be good for fathers, of course, differs across time and cultures. But, as we noted last year on Mother's Day, some countries simply prioritize parenting more than others.

When it comes to family-friendly government policies, for instance, there's Scandinavia and then there's the rest of the world. Many of the countries offering the most generous paid paternity leave are Scandinavian, and Norway in particular emerges as arguably the best place in the world to be a father.

Norway is a perennial favorite in best-country lists -- most recently topping the United Nations' Human Development Index -- and it's just as formidable when it comes to fatherhood. Famous for generous parental leave for both sexes - either 46 weeks off at full pay or 56 weeks off at 80 percent of salary (to be divided up between the two parents) -- Norway ensures that new fathers take advantage of the opportunity with its policy of pappapermisjon - a 10-week period of leave reserved exclusively for men. Combine this with two weeks of paid paternity leave carved out for immediately after childbirth, and dads in Norway can look forward to 12 weeks off to spend with their new baby. Ninety percent of Norwegian fathers are now participating in the program, compared with the two to three percent of fathers who were taking parental leave back in the early 1990s, when Norway established its pappapermisjon policy.

Another northern European overachiever is Iceland. Although paid leave policies took a bit of a hit following Iceland's 2008 banking crisis, the country's parliament has since striven to restore what was originally one of the most generous systems in the world. While current Icelandic law provides nine months of paid leave with a 3-3-3 split (three months for mothers, three for fathers, and three to split between parents), by 2016 Iceland will have adopted a 12-month, 5-5-2 system, in which fathers receive five months of paid parental leave, plus an additional two month to be split as the couple sees fit.

If you're searching for that elusive combination of good family policies and stellar Father's Day traditions, it's hard to beat Germany. Like its neighbors to the north, the Father-Friendly Land is no slouch when it comes to parental leave. The government offers 12 months of leave, paid at 67 percent of a parent's salary, to be split between a couple. While there is no leave exclusively reserved for the father, families receive an additional two months of paid leave if the father also takes at least two months off.

But while giving fathers a chance to bond with their newborn babies is nice and all, what really makes Germany great for fathers is the Father's Day party.

Vatertag (also known as Männertag) is celebrated every year on Ascension Day, 40 days after Easter. Originally a religious festival, today Father's Day is a booze-soaked celebration of everything manly. German men of all ages spend the day hiking through town and country pulling large wagons (Bollerwagen) filled with beer or wine (depending on the region), and consuming their precious cargo in large quantities. Der Spiegel warns that people in Germany on Father's Day should expect "grown men slumped against lampposts, or lolling dazed and confused in wooden carts, clutching barrels of beer."

So, who's moving to Germany?

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Residents of Tehran are celebrating in the streets tonight.

Earlier on Saturday, Iran's interior minister confirmed that Hassan Rowhani had secured an outright majority in presidential elections, eliminating the need for a run-off. Rowhani trounced the competition, securing just over 50 percent of the vote and beating his nearest rival by a three to one margin.

Taken together with Saeed Jalili's third place finish -- he was the Ayatollah's preferred candidate -- Rowhani's victory sends a strong message of discontent to Iran's ruling clerics and serves as a reminder that the reformist sentiment that brought thousands into the streets following the hotly contested election in 2009 has not faded. Though Rowhani was not the most progressive candidate to throw his hat into the ring, he at least pledged to break somewhat with the prevailing orthodoxy.

To get a sense of what Iranians are thinking about this election, consider this: Tonight, the residents of Tehran were chanting the name of Mir Mousavi, the candidate who lost the 2009 election:

 

With Iran still at loggerheads with the international community over its nuclear program, the big question on every Iran-watcher's mind now is whether Rowhani may abandon his predecessor's hardline stance in nuclear  negotiations.

Though Rowhani's plans for the program remain largely a mystery, a fascinating speech he delivered sometime between October and November 2004 offers some insight as to his thinking about the program and how his country deals with the West.

For those seeking a diplomatic resolution to the stand-off, the speech offers both good and bad news. On the one hand, Rowhani argues that Iran should engage more directly with the West through diplomatic channels. On the other hand, he observes that Iran's strategy of slow-playing the West through negotiations while covertly developing its nuclear program has largely served the country well.

Iran's technical progress, he observed in the speech, "is good for our international reputation and shows that we have made good technological progress and have been successful in the area of technology .... It is going to be a very effective and important statement." The very same progress, Rowhani continued, is the key to Iran gaining the international acceptance it so desperately desires: "If one day we are able to complete the fuel cycle and the world sees that it has no choice -- that we do possess the technology -- then the situation will be different. The world did not want Pakistan to have an atomic bomb or Brazil to have the fuel cycle, but Pakistan built its bomb and Brazil has its fuel cycle, and the world started to work with them. Our problem is that we have not achieved either one, but we are standing at the threshold."

Much of the technical progress that Rowhani praises in fact occurred while the Iranians pretended to be making nice with Western diplomats. Rowhani reveals that Iran's chief goal in negotiations was to at all costs avoid being referred to the U.N. Security Council, and to that end, the country's diplomats pursued a stalling tactic, dragging out talks and negotiations while Iran's scientists worked feverishly behind closed doors. In a telling revelation, Rowhani says that Iranian diplomats only agreed to concessions in areas not beset by technical problems.

This strategy, Rowhani believes, served the country well: "While we were talking with the Europeans in Tehran, we were installing equipment in parts of the facility in Isfahan.... in fact, by creating a calm environment, we were able to complete the work in Isfahan. Today, we can convert yellowcake into UF4 and UF6, and this is a very important matter." UF4 and UF6 -- uranium tetraflouride and uranium hexaflouride, respectively -- are two important materials in the nuclear enrichment process.

There is nothing to indicate in the speech that Rowhani thinks Iran should abandon its nuclear program; rather, his focus on how to best manage the international community and the domestic Iranian population. As soon as Iran has mastered the enrichment process, Rowhani observes, "a country that can enright uranium to about 3.5 percent will also have the capability to enrich it to about 90 percent." (90 percent is weapons grade.) This suggests that Rowhani believes the issue may be settled -- Iran has already achieved 3.5 percent enrichment -- and that the challenge lies in its efforts abroad. Equally important, Rowhani observes, is maintaining domestic support for the program, which as Chen Kane, a senior research associate at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, observes in the accompanying analysis, represents a surprising concern at the highest levels of Iranian politics.

Rowhani is nothing if not an expert on Iran's nuclear program -- he says he led a mid-2003 interagency review of the program and served as the chief nuclear negotiator from October 2003 to August 2005  -- and he also has a clear sense of how to navigate the international waters. By exploiting the differences in the negotiating positions of the major diplomatic powers -- the United States, Russia, China, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany -- Rowhani says Iran can secure protection at the Security Council in the form of a guaranteed veto. Which is exactly what it has often received from China and Russia.

It has to be noted that Rowhani did not advocate in the speech that Iran should pursue a nuclear bomb -- though the possibility of doing so was certainly hinted at in his references to 90 percent enrichment. "As for building the atomic bomb, we never wanted to move in that direction and we have not yet completely developed our fuel cycle capability," Rowhani says. "This also happens to be our main problem."

In Rowhani, Iranians have elected a man well-versed in the country's nuclear program and a man who clearly wants to improve relations with the West.

But to what end is not entirely clear.

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EXPLORE:IRAN

A newly released report from the Department of Defense's inspector general reveals that there was a fight within the Pentagon over whether to cooperate with filmmakers Kathryn Bigelow and Mark Boal in the making of Zero Dark Thirty, which chronicled the operation that killed Osama bin Laden.

According to the report, Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence Mike Vickers led the effort to secure cooperation for the filmmakers, but other senior Pentagon officials remained deeply skeptical of the collaboration. Phil Strub, the department's director of entertainment media, told investigators that he wasn't eager to assist the filmmakers because he had been unhappy with Bigelow and Boal's portrayal of the military in their Oscar-winning film The Hurt Locker -- an intense depiction of the rush of combat, told through the eyes of a bomb-disposal technician.

But Strub's concerns were overruled by his superiors. "I wasn't given the choice of whether to authorize it or not," he told investigators, "I mean, these senior people do whatever they want."

Though Zero Dark Thirty would be criticized for its heavy-handed portrayal of U.S. interrogation tactics, the film was arguably the greatest PR coup in recent Pentagon history. After the nearly nine-year occupation of Iraq and the quagmire in Afghanistan, the U.S. military had had few decisive victories it could publicly tout in the war on terror. The raid that killed bin Laden finally handed it a clear and spectacular win. But the men behind that raid were far more reluctant to have that story told than the head honchos at the Pentagon.

The report dispels accusations that Bigelow and Boal were allowed to meet a special operations planner, and it indicates that U.S. special forces were loath to cooperate with Bigelow and Boal. Admiral Bill McRaven, the brains behind the raid that killed bin Laden and now the commander of U.S. Special Operations Command, told Vickers at the outset that he wanted no part in the project. Shortly thereafter, SOCOM's public affairs officer informed Strub in an email that "there was already too much information released concerning the bin Laden raid" and that SOCOM "has obvious concerns about DoD providing any support for this effort."

Despite this reluctance, Vickers pressed ahead and granted Bigelow and Boal wide-ranging support. Together with Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs Doug Wilson, Vickers worked to smooth the way for a project that had the potential to be a public relations bonanza for the Pentagon. Wilson told investigators that Bigelow and Boal's "previous experience with [Strub] had been mixed and I wanted [Bigelow and Boal] to know, look, you know, if you're -- if you're having problems getting answers or things like that, let me know and, you know, we're not going to put walls up here." Wilson also tried to overcome resistance to the project within the special forces community, telling Boal and Bigelow in an email that he would "work to unclog the SOCOM pathway for you."

But despite Vickers and Wilson's insistence, Bigelow and Boal never got the briefing from the SOCOM planner that they had sought. Instead, they got something better: a public viewing of the SEALs responsible for killing bin Laden.

Boal attended an awards ceremony -- held June 24, 2011, at CIA headquarters -- for individuals involved in the bin Laden raid, as did several of the special operators involved in the mission. Despite the fact that protecting these men's identities was a "top priority," according to the report, the SEALs were seated prominently at the front of the ceremonies, complete with name tags on their chests.

At the end of the event, Boal even met McRaven, who told investigators that "somebody brought somebody up to me and said this is Mr. so-in-so. He's the same guy who did The Hurt Locker, and of course I was admittedly a little surprised."

The IG report was produced in response to questions from Congressman Peter King, a Republican from New York. Those questions hinted at suspicions that the White House had been involved in generating support for the project within the Pentagon. The report found no evidence to support those allegations, which insinuated that the White House had done so for the president's political benefit.

Stephen Lovekin/Getty Images

Posted By David Kenner

Way back during Iran's 2009 presidential election, Twitter was a tool wielded by the guerrilla protest movement. Supporters of the Green Movement used the micro-blogging site to overcome hostility from official media, organize protests against what they saw as a rigged vote, and rally international and domestic support for their cause.

But as Iranians go to the polls today, Twitter has gone mainstream. Accounts trumpet the views of even the most conservative presidential hopefuls -- though it is not clear if they are run by campaign staffers or the candidates' supporters. Whatever the case, it's clear no part of the Iranian political spectrum denies the organizational power of social media.

@DrSaeedJalili touts the views of the Iranian nuclear negotiator who is believed to be one of the candidates closest to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. But despite Jalili's reputation as the establishment's man, the account isn't shy about picking fights with Iranian government institutions. "#Iran state TV is apparently taking political side while getting funds from public treasury," it tweeted yesterday.

The dark horse candidate in this election is Hassan Rouhani, a cleric who appears to have won the support of Green Movement activists. According to at least one poll conducted recently, he even enjoys a double-digit lead over the nearest contender. @HassanRouhani, meanwhile, has touted his surging popularity in recent days, trying to drum up support from voters who may otherwise stay home. The account has taken to pulling positive quotes about the candidate from international media, including this one from the Guardian: "Wherever Rouhani speaks there's a frenzy."

But the most powerful Iranian tweep isn't one of the candidates -- it's Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. From @khamenei_ir, the supreme leader has listed the qualities that he's looking for in Iran's next president. Iran's next president must be as concerned with remote villages as the capital, must "fight against corruption and poverty," and "shouldn't be willing to acquire an international position [by] flattering the West."

Who knows what technology will work its way into Iran by the 2017 presidential campaign. We may even see activists spreading news using Google Glass -- sanctions permitting, of course.

Top news: U.S. officials say President Barack Obama's administration has authorized the delivery of weapons to Syria's opposition after concluding that Bashar al-Assad's government has used chemical weapons. White House officials have, for now, ruled out more direct military action such as airstrikes or the imposition of a no-fly zone.

U.S. intelligence officials believe that the Syrian government has used sarin gas “on a small scale against the opposition multiple times in the last year.” Between 100 and 150 people may have been killed in these attacks. Obama had previously designated chemical weapons as a "red line" that would trigger a more aggressive U.S. response. 

Officials say the new military aid could include anti-tank weapons, but not the anti-aircraft systems that rebel forces have been requesting. The specific weapons that will be supplied were not specified. The U.S. has already been providing "nonlethal" aid to the rebels and encouraging countries like Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey to contribute weapons.

The U.N. High Commissioner for human rights, Navi Pillay, said on Thursday that the death toll from the Syrian conflict is approaching 93,000, but that "the true number of those killed is potentially much higher."

Activists in Aleppo are reporting the heaviest fighting in months, as government troops attempt to regain rebel-held parts of the city.

Iran: Voting got underway in Iran's presidential election after Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei cast his ballot.


Middle East

  • Protesters in Istanbul's Taksim Square have reportedly reached a tentative agreement with Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. 
  • Thousands protested against the security forces in Sanaa, Yemen. 
  • The governor of Iraq's Nineveh province escaped an assassination attempt in which two people were killed. 

Asia

Europe

  • Czech police charged seven people in a nationwide corruption crackdown. 
  • Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited Auschwitz to dedicate a new Holocaust memorial.
  • A new bridge connecting Bulgaria and Romania across the Danube is opening. 

Americas

  • Nicaragua granted a Hong Kong company the right to construct a cross-country canal to compete with the Panama Canal. 
  • Protests against rising bus and train fares turned violent in Sao Paulo. 
  • Former Argentine President Carlos Menem was sentenced to seven years in prison. 

Africa




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EXPLORE:MORNING BRIEF

Passport, FP’s flagship blog, brings you news and hidden angles on the biggest stories of the day, as well as insights and under-the-radar gems from around the world.

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